{"id":1853,"date":"2023-05-28T07:00:40","date_gmt":"2023-05-28T00:00:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bsvothanhtoan.com\/?post_type=bai-giang&p=1853"},"modified":"2023-07-31T17:32:12","modified_gmt":"2023-07-31T10:32:12","slug":"dai-cuong-co-the-dong-hoc","status":"publish","type":"bai-giang","link":"https:\/\/bsvothanhtoan.com\/en\/bai-giang\/dai-cuong-co-the-dong-hoc\/","title":{"rendered":"Outline of Kinetic Body"},"content":{"rendered":"

1. T\u1ed4NG QUAN<\/h2>\n

C\u01a1 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc<\/a> (ti\u1ebfng Anh: Kinesiology, b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Hy L\u1ea1p c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i \u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03c2 (k\u00edn\u0113sis) \u2018\u2018chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng\u2019\u2019 v\u00e0 -\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 -log\u00eda \u2018\u2018nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1\u2019\u2019) l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 m\u00f4n khoa h\u1ecdc nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. C\u01a1 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc sinh l\u00fd, gi\u1ea3i ph\u1eabu, c\u01a1 sinh h\u1ecdc, b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd, t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n kinh v\u00e0 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng. C\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe con ng\u01b0\u1eddi bao g\u1ed3m c\u01a1 sinh h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9nh h\u00ecnh; s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 th\u00edch nghi; t\u00e2m l\u00fd th\u1ec3 thao; \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng; h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng; c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng<\/a>, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd tr\u1ecb li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p; sinh l\u00fd c\u1ee7a th\u1ec3 thao v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 d\u1ee5c. C\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p \u0111o t\u1eeb h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng theo d\u00f5i chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u0111i\u1ec7n sinh l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 v\u00e0 n\u00e3o, c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng sinh l\u00fd v\u00e0 c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u h\u00e0nh vi v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c [1,2].<\/p>\n

C\u01a1 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ec3 k\u00edch th\u00edch s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn v\u00e0 b\u00ed \u1ea9n m\u00e0 n\u00f3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 r\u1ea5t h\u1eefu \u00edch. Ch\u00fang ta nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. C\u01a1 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t, khi\u00eau v\u0169, th\u1ec3 thao, ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9nh h\u00ecnh. Ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c<\/a> v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc s\u1ebd cho ph\u00e9p nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c trong c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 an to\u00e0n, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t t\u1ed1i \u01b0u.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y nay, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i b\u1ec7nh nh\u01b0 ung th\u01b0, tim m\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1i th\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/a>. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ch\u00ednh cho nh\u1eefng nh\u00f3m b\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u1ee9ng sa s\u00fat tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7. Tuy nhi\u00ean, b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 d\u1ee5c khi b\u1ecb ch\u1ea5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fac m\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9, thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u1edbp nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. Tr\u1edb tr\u00eau l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 chi ph\u00ed ch\u0103m s\u00f3c b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n b\u1ec7nh b\u00e9o ph\u00ec \u0111ang ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng. Khi c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u0103m s\u00f3c y t\u1ebf t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 d\u1ee5c ph\u1ea3i n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u1edf m\u1ee9c cao nh\u1ea5t nh\u1eb1m ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111au c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u1edbp.<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng h\u1ec7 v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/a> c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1eadt l\u00fd tr\u1ecb li\u1ec7u s\u1ebd ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n n\u1eefa so v\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y v\u1ec1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u1edbp. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt ch\u1ec9nh h\u00ecnh, ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ea1m m\u1ecfm c\u00f9ng vai kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd m\u00e0 l\u00e0 do m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c g\u00e2y ra [3]. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a kh\u1edbp h\u00e1ng<\/a> g\u00e2y ra h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ea1m kh\u1edbp h\u00e1ng c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c t\u1eeb ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ec3 thao c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 cao [4]. M\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa, ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc s\u1ebd \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn an to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 kh\u1edbp khi tham gia c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ec3 thao c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 trong c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

2. C\u00c1C NGUY\u00caN T\u1eaeC TRONG C\u01a0 TH\u1ec2 \u0110\u1ed8NG H\u1eccC<\/strong><\/h2>\n

2.1. C\u00e1c m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng ch\u00ednh<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Tr\u1ee5c v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3. V\u00ec c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb tr\u00ed kh\u00e1c nhau trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3, c\u00e1c tr\u1ee5c v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh theo v\u1ecb tr\u00ed gi\u1ea3i ph\u1eabu chung tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. C\u00f3 ba m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 ba tr\u1ee5c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh. C\u00e1c m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng chia c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta th\u00e0nh ba ph\u1ea7n g\u1ed3m \u0111\u1ee9ng d\u1ecdc, \u0111\u1ee9ng ngang v\u00e0 ngang. Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00e1c tr\u1ee5c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng bao g\u1ed3m tr\u1ee5c tung, tr\u1ee5c ho\u00e0nh v\u00e0 tr\u1ee5c tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u2013 sau.<\/p>\n

\"Picture1\"
H\u00ecnh 1.1. <\/strong>C\u00e1c m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi [2]<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

M\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng ngang chia c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ean v\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1edbi. Tr\u1ee5c tung vu\u00f4ng g\u00f3c v\u1edbi m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng n\u00e0y. Chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng quay xoay trong v\u00e0 xoay ngo\u00e0i x\u00e9t tr\u00ean tr\u1ee5c v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

M\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng ngang chia c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 ph\u00eda sau. Tr\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 tr\u1ee5c tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u2013 sau. Tr\u1ee5c tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u2013 sau n\u1eb1m theo h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc ra sau c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3. Chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 kh\u00e9p x\u1ea3y ra trong m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng ngang v\u00e0 tr\u1ee5c n\u00e0y. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 kh\u1edbp vai<\/a>, chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00e9p vai x\u1ea3y ra theo tr\u1ee5c tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u2013 sau t\u1eeb h\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u01b0\u1edbc sau.<\/p>\n

M\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng d\u1ecdc chia c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i v\u00e0 b\u00ean tr\u00e1i. Tr\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 tr\u1ee5c ngang. C\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng g\u1ea5p v\u00e0 du\u1ed7i x\u1ea3y ra tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 tr\u1ee5c n\u00e0y.\u00a0<\/p>\n

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\"Picture2\"
H\u00ecnh 1.2 \u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0\u0110\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c g\u1ea5p v\u00e0 du\u1ed7i [2]<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

C\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u1ea3y ra ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 tr\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 \u1edf tr\u00ean. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a kh\u1edbp vai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 tr\u1ee5c tr\u00ean tuy nhi\u00ean \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u1edbp, c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u1edbp kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea3y ra \u0111\u01a1n l\u1ebb tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u1ee5c. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi kh\u1edbp c\u1ed5 ch\u00e2n, c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a kh\u1edbp n\u00e0y l\u00e0 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1eaft c\u00e1 ch\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u00e1m v\u00e0o s\u00e0n nh\u00e0. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a kh\u1edbp d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u00ean kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u1edf tr\u00ean. Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a kh\u1edbp \u0111\u1ed1t s\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 tr\u1ee5c n\u00f3i tr\u00ean [6].<\/p>\n

2.2. Chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb tr\u00ed t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c tham s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c th\u1eddi gian li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c t\u1ea1o ra chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng. Trong \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u1ec1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 theo th\u1eddi gian nh\u01b0 kh\u1edbp, x\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn. Khi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn li\u00ean quan c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3m ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c g\u00f3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u1edbp s\u1edbm ho\u1eb7c mu\u1ed9n trong m\u1ed9t ki\u1ec3u chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh. \u0110\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y ho\u1eb7c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1ef1c xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c t\u1ea1o ra chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n t\u00edch vi\u1ec7c \u0111i b\u1ed9, g\u00f3c m\u1edf c\u1ee7a kh\u1edbp g\u1ed1i<\/a> d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00f4-men xo\u1eafn c\u01a1 t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00f9i, c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u00ean kh\u1edbp v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn. M\u1ed9t kh\u1edbp b\u1ecb suy gi\u1ea3m s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u01a1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng kh\u1edbp li\u00ean quan. \u0110\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u1ed9i l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ef1c l\u00ean l\u1eabn nhau.<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng v\u00e0 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1eb1m ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n c\u00e1c r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng. C\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng v\u00e0 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3. V\u1edbi ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, b\u00e1c s\u0129 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u00edch h\u1ee3p. Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch quan s\u00e1t ho\u1eb7c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng cho ph\u00e9p ph\u00e2n t\u00edch s\u00e2u h\u01a1n. Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n theo ng\u00e0nh th\u1ec3 thao m\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ho\u1eb7c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng mong mu\u1ed1n.<\/p>\n

Chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh hai nh\u00f3m:<\/p>\n

– Chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ecbnh ti\u1ebfn – Chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng quay.<\/p>\n

Chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ecbnh ti\u1ebfn l\u00e0 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 trong \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 theo c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng, \u0111\u1ea1t c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t qu\u00e3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 khi m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc c\u1ed1c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng trong m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfc c\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ec1u chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f9ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ecbnh ti\u1ebfn. C\u01a1 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 di chuy\u1ec3n theo c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00e1c nhau trong c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u01b0ng lu\u00f4n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ecbnh ti\u1ebfn trong nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

Chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng quay x\u1ea3y ra khi c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng theo d\u1ea1ng tr\u00f2n. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng quay quanh m\u1ed9t tr\u1ee5c quay th\u00ec c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f9ng chi\u1ec1u trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 khi m\u1edf n\u1eafp chai, chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u00f3n tay<\/a> t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng so v\u1edbi t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a n\u1eafp l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng quay.<\/p>\n

Trong m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng, chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ecbnh ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng quay th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ea3y ra k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi. Nh\u00ecn chung c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec1u x\u1ea3y ra theo c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y. Do \u0111\u00f3, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n ph\u00e2n t\u00edch chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng quay v\u00e0 t\u1ecbnh ti\u1ebfn. Trong ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc, chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ecbnh ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc t\u1ecbnh ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng quay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc quay. Khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a theo c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng quay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 momen xo\u1eafn. Trong chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ecbnh ti\u1ebfn, to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 l\u1ef1c thu\u1ea7n. M\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa, hai ki\u1ec3u chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y lu\u00f4n k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p trong c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp trong ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3. C\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng quay v\u00e0 t\u1ecbnh ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3. C\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng gian v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee7a d\u00e1ng \u0111i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra th\u00f4ng qua ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc bao g\u1ed3m t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9, kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

2.3. C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc v\u00e0o c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu. Ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

2.3.1. C\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng<\/h4>\n

C\u00f3 hai h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng, H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng Ho\u00e0ng gia (H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Anh) v\u00e0 H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf (Syst\u00e8me International d\u2019Unit\u00e9s-SI \u2013 H\u1ec7 m\u00e9t). M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u01a1 sinh h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra trong sau.<\/p>\n

B\u1ea3ng 1.1. <\/strong>C\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n [2]<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n

S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

H\u1ec7 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng Ho\u00e0ng gia<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

H\u1ec7 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Quy \u0111\u1ed5i<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Slug<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Kilogram<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1 slug = 14,59 kg<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Foot (ft)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Meter (m)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1 ft = 0,3048 m<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Th\u1eddi gian<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Gi\u00e2y (s)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Gi\u00e2y (s)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

L\u1ef1c<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Pound (lb)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Newton (N)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1 lb = 4,448 N<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

S\u1ee9c n\u00e9n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Pound\/inch vu\u00f4ng (psi)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Pascal (Pa)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1 psi = 6.895 Pa<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Foot \u2013 pound (ft \u2013 lb)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Jun (J)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1 ft \u2013 lb = 1,356 J<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

C\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

M\u00e3 l\u1ef1c (hp)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Watt (W)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1 hp = 745,7 W<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Fahrenheint (F)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Celcius (C)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

F = (C x 9\/5) + 32<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Trong t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ri\u00eang trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u01a1 sinh h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

2.3.2. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00f4 h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 vector<\/h4>\n

Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u1edf tr\u00ean, ph\u00e9p \u0111o c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eadt l\u00fd nh\u01b0 l\u1ef1c, th\u1eddi gian, kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 g\u00f3c, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eddi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 sinh h\u1ecdc. M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n th\u00e0nh hai lo\u1ea1i: \u0111\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00f4 h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng vector.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00f4 h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1edbn ho\u1eb7c s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, th\u1ec3 t\u00edch, kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t,… \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00f4 h\u01b0\u1edbng. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1edbn v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u1edbng.<\/p>\n

M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eadt l\u00fd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, khi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ea1y, kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c s\u1ef1 d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n. Do \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eadt l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1edbn v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng vector. L\u1ef1c v\u00e0 momen xo\u1eafn l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng vector \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc; \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eddi, v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c v\u00e0 gia t\u1ed1c l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng vector \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc. Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c vector trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc c\u1ed9ng, tr\u1eeb vector v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00e1c,\u2026 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 trong to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc<\/p>\n

3. \u0110\u1ed8NG L\u1ef0C H\u1eccC<\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u0110\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m, v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i v\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c g\u00e2y ra chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng. T\u1eeb quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc l\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ecbnh ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng quay l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

Chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ecbnh ti\u1ebfn l\u00e0 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i chung. Trong ki\u1ec3u chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f9ng chi\u1ec1u song song v\u1edbi nhau. Tr\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ecdc theo m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng ho\u1eb7c d\u1ecdc theo m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng quay di\u1ec5n ra d\u1ecdc theo m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00f2n quanh m\u1ed9t tr\u1ee5c. C\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eb1ng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ecbnh ti\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang v\u00ec ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh theo tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3, ngay tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed1t s\u1ed1ng S2. Chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ecbnh ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng quay c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9ng. C\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 do c\u00e1c c\u01a1 t\u1ea1o ra, trong khi c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng do m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c ngo\u00e0i c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra. C\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb g\u00f3c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng quay trong khi \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ecbnh ti\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n

4. \u0110\u1ed8NG H\u1eccC<\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u0110\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e2n ng\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 nh\u01b0 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 ho\u1eb7c c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o. L\u1ef1c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea9y ho\u1eb7c l\u1ef1c k\u00e9o. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c g\u00e2y ra chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng. N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta l\u1ea5y v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 m\u00f4n th\u1ec3 thao b\u00f3ng chuy\u1ec1n, c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 l\u1ef1c gi\u1eefa b\u00f3ng v\u00e0 tay v\u00e0 l\u1ef1c gi\u1eefa b\u00e0n ch\u00e2n v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc kh\u00f3 h\u01a1n ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

Th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng trong vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1ea3y th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu trong m\u00f4n th\u1ec3 thao b\u00f3ng chuy\u1ec1n. Do \u0111\u00f3, vi\u1ec7c bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u01a1 du\u1ed7i h\u00f4ng, du\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ea7u g\u1ed1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 g\u1eadp b\u00e0n ch\u00e2n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nh\u1ea3y th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t nh\u1ea3y \u1edf c\u00e1c c\u1ea7u th\u1ee7 b\u00f3ng chuy\u1ec1n. Sau khi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi sau: k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u0111a h\u00f3a b\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ea3y th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u00e0 nh\u00f3m c\u01a1 n\u00e0o l\u00e0 t\u1ed1i quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eadp luy\u1ec7n?<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang v\u1edbi nhau.<\/p>\n

5. L\u1ef0C<\/strong><\/h2>\n

L\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea9y ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c k\u00e9o t\u1ea1o ra, \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea1m d\u1eebng m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng. T\u1eeb quan \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc, l\u1ef1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh duy tr\u00ec t\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, l\u1ef1c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t vector v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n v\u1eadt l\u00fd ho\u1eb7c v\u1ebd d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng m\u0169i t\u00ean. C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a l\u1ef1c l\u00e0: \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1edbn, h\u01b0\u1edbng, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng. H\u00ecnh 3 cho th\u1ea5y l\u1ef1c c\u01a1 t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00f9i t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean x\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u00e1nh ch\u00e8<\/a> \u1edf m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh du\u1ed7i g\u1ed1i. C\u01a1 t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00f9i c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n ph\u1ea7n, do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a l\u1ef1c k\u00e9o do b\u1ed1n c\u01a1 n\u00e0y t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng l\u00ean x\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u00e1nh ch\u00e8 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebd b\u1eb1ng b\u1ed1n vector.<\/p>\n

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\"Picture3\"
H\u00ecnh 1.3.<\/strong> Minh h\u1ecda v\u1ec1 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u01a1 t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea7u c\u01a1 \u0111\u00f9i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean x\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u00e1nh ch\u00e8 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh co<\/p>\n

<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ebd nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ho\u1eb7c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m. Khi hai ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ef1c t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng l\u00ean m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 duy nh\u1ea5t (t\u1ed5ng vector c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c), \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a l\u1ef1c m\u1edbi n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng t\u1ed5ng c\u00e1c vector th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n. T\u1eeb quan \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n lo\u1ea1i l\u1ef1c theo ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang: tr\u1ecdng l\u1ef1c, l\u1ef1c t\u1eeb c\u01a1, l\u1ef1c ma s\u00e1t v\u00e0 l\u1ef1c c\u1ea3n t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. Do \u0111\u00f3, v\u00ec c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c n\u00e0y lu\u00f4n \u0111i c\u00f9ng nhau, vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch b\u1ea5t k\u00ec m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i t\u00ednh to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

6. C\u00c1C \u0110\u1ecaNH LU\u1eacT NEWTON<\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u0110\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt 1<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u0110\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Newton<\/a> \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a qu\u00e1n t\u00ednh v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u l\u00e0: m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c n\u00e0o ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ecbu t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c c\u00f3 h\u1ee3p l\u1ef1c b\u1eb1ng 0, hay c\u00f2n n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng th\u00ec n\u00f3 v\u1eabn gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ee9ng y\u00ean ho\u1eb7c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ec1u. Trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3, ph\u1ea1m vi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u00e0i t\u1eadp chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh cho \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y. C\u01a1 y\u1ebfu b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3, b\u1edfi v\u00ec tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean c\u01a1 c\u1ea7n v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua qu\u00e1n t\u00ednh, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng, c\u01a1 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ebd d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt 2<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u0110\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt th\u1ee9 hai ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng vector gia t\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt lu\u00f4n c\u00f9ng h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1edbi l\u1ef1c t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng l\u00ean v\u1eadt. \u0110\u1ed9 l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a vector gia t\u1ed1c t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 thu\u1eadn v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a vector l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 ngh\u1ecbch v\u1edbi kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt. \u0110\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh F = m.a<\/strong>, v\u1edbi F<\/strong> l\u00e0 l\u1ef1c t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng l\u00ean v\u1eadt, m<\/strong> l\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt v\u00e0 a<\/strong> l\u00e0 gia t\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt th\u1ee9 hai v\u1ec1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Newton gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch t\u1ea1i sao chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1eadm l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ee9c h\u01a1n chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng nhanh. V\u00ec v\u1eady, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eadp\/t\u0103ng s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh cho c\u00e1c c\u01a1 b\u1eafp c\u1ea7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c di chuy\u1ec3n ch\u1eadm, c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt 3<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Khi m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng l\u1ef1c l\u00ean v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 th\u1ee9 hai, v\u1eadt th\u1ee9 hai s\u1ebd t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1edbn v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda v\u1eadt th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t. T\u1ea3i l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c kh\u1edbp chi d\u01b0\u1edbi khi \u0111i b\u1ed9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u quy lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y. Khi b\u00e0n ch\u00e2n ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ea5t, m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c theo h\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i (\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u01a1 th\u1ec3) v\u1edbi c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng (tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u01a1 th\u1ec3). Do \u0111\u00f3, n\u00ean th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c b\u00e0i t\u1eadp \u0111i b\u1ed9 tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 xung l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m ph\u1ea3n l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi kh\u1edbp.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":2250,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","tags":[153,162],"chuyen-muc":[35],"class_list":["post-1853","bai-giang","type-bai-giang","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","tag-co-the-dong-hoc","tag-dong-hoc","chuyen-muc-nhap-mon-chan-thuong-chinh-hinh"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bsvothanhtoan.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/bai-giang\/1853","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bsvothanhtoan.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/bai-giang"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bsvothanhtoan.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/bai-giang"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bsvothanhtoan.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1853"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/bsvothanhtoan.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/bai-giang\/1853\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bsvothanhtoan.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2250"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bsvothanhtoan.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1853"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bsvothanhtoan.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1853"},{"taxonomy":"chuyen-muc","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bsvothanhtoan.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/chuyen-muc?post=1853"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}